Encoding - Digital data to digital signals

Encoding - Digital data to digital signals: A digital signal is a sequence of discrete, discontinuous voltage pulses, as illustrated in Stallings DCC8e Figure 3.13. Each pulse is a signal element. Binary data are transmitted by encoding each data bit into signal elements. In the simplest case, there is a one-to-one correspondence between bits and signal elements. More complex encoding schemes are used to improve performance, by altering the spectrum of the signal and providing synchronization capability. In general, the equipment for encoding digital data into a digital signal is less complex and less expensive than digital-to-analog modulation equipment