(9A04503) ANTENNAS & WAVE PROPAGATION
B.Tech III-I Sem. (E.C.E.) T P C
4 0 4
UNIT I
ANTENNA BASICS:
Introduction, Basic antenna parameters- patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective height, Illustrative problems. Fields from oscillating dipole, Field Zones, Shape-Impedance considerations, Antenna temperature, front–to-back ratio, antenna theorems, radiation- basic Maxwell’s equations, retarded potential-Helmholtz Theorem.
UNIT II
THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS:
Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter wave Monopole and Half wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated power, Radiation Resistance, Beam width, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height. Natural current distributions, far fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Illustrative problems. Loop Antennas: Introduction, Small Loop, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directives of small and large loops (Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT III
ANTENNA ARRAYS:
Point sources- Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic sources- Different cases. Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison, BSAa with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions- General considerations and Bionomial Arrays, Illustrative problems.
UNIT IV
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I:
Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles & their characteristics. Helical Antennas-Helical Geometry, Helix modes, Practical Design considerations for Monofilar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes. Horn Antennas- Types, Fermat’s Principle, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT V
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II:
Micro strip Antennas- Introduction, features, advantages and limitations, Rectangular patch antennas- Geometry and parameters, characteristics of Micro strip antennas, Impact of different parameters on characteristics, reflector antennas- Introduction, Flar sheet and corner reflectors, paraboloidal reflectors- geometry, pattern characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types- Related Features, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT VI
LENS ANTENNAS:
Introduction, Geometry of Non-metallic Dielectric Lenses, Zoning , Tolerances, Applications.
Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts- Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordination system, sources of errors, Patterns to be Measured, Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement , Gain Measurements (by comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).
UNIT VII
WAVE PROPAGATION - I:
Introduction, Definitions, Characterizations and general classifications, different modes of wave propagation, Ray/ Mode concepts. Ground wave propagation (Qualitative treatment)- Introduction, Plane earth reflections, Space and surface waves, wave tilt, curved earth reflections. Space wave propagation- Introduction, field strength variation with distance and height, effect of earth’s curvature, absorption. Super refraction, M-curves and duct propagation, scattering phenomena, tropospheric propagation, fading and path loss calculations.
UNIT VIII
WAVE PROPAGATION – II:
Sky wave propagation- Introduction, structure of Ionosphere, refraction and reflection of sky waves by Ionosphere, Ray path, Critical frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual height and Skip distance, Relation between MUF and Skip distance, Multi-HOP propagation, Energy loss in Ionosphere, Summary of Wave Characteristics in different frequency ranges.
TEXT EBOOKS:
Antennas and wave propagation – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka and Ahmad S.Khan, TMH, New Delhi, 4th Ed., (special Indian Edition), 2010
Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000.
REFERENCES:EBOOK
Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio, vol. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 1955. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill (International Edition), 2nd ed., 1988.
B.Tech III-I Sem. (E.C.E.) T P C
4 0 4
UNIT I
ANTENNA BASICS:
Introduction, Basic antenna parameters- patterns, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity-Gain-Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Effective height, Illustrative problems. Fields from oscillating dipole, Field Zones, Shape-Impedance considerations, Antenna temperature, front–to-back ratio, antenna theorems, radiation- basic Maxwell’s equations, retarded potential-Helmholtz Theorem.
UNIT II
THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS:
Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter wave Monopole and Half wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Field Components, Radiated power, Radiation Resistance, Beam width, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height. Natural current distributions, far fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Illustrative problems. Loop Antennas: Introduction, Small Loop, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Radiation Resistances and Directives of small and large loops (Qualitative Treatment).
UNIT III
ANTENNA ARRAYS:
Point sources- Definition, Patterns, arrays of 2 Isotropic sources- Different cases. Principle of Pattern Multiplication, Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside Arrays, Endfire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison, BSAa with Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions- General considerations and Bionomial Arrays, Illustrative problems.
UNIT IV
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I:
Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles & their characteristics. Helical Antennas-Helical Geometry, Helix modes, Practical Design considerations for Monofilar Helical Antenna in Axial and Normal Modes. Horn Antennas- Types, Fermat’s Principle, Optimum Horns, Design Considerations of Pyramidal Horns, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT V
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - II:
Micro strip Antennas- Introduction, features, advantages and limitations, Rectangular patch antennas- Geometry and parameters, characteristics of Micro strip antennas, Impact of different parameters on characteristics, reflector antennas- Introduction, Flar sheet and corner reflectors, paraboloidal reflectors- geometry, pattern characteristics, Feed Methods, Reflector Types- Related Features, Illustrative Problems.
UNIT VI
LENS ANTENNAS:
Introduction, Geometry of Non-metallic Dielectric Lenses, Zoning , Tolerances, Applications.
Antenna Measurements: Introduction, Concepts- Reciprocity, Near and Far Fields, Coordination system, sources of errors, Patterns to be Measured, Pattern Measurement Arrangement, Directivity Measurement , Gain Measurements (by comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).
UNIT VII
WAVE PROPAGATION - I:
Introduction, Definitions, Characterizations and general classifications, different modes of wave propagation, Ray/ Mode concepts. Ground wave propagation (Qualitative treatment)- Introduction, Plane earth reflections, Space and surface waves, wave tilt, curved earth reflections. Space wave propagation- Introduction, field strength variation with distance and height, effect of earth’s curvature, absorption. Super refraction, M-curves and duct propagation, scattering phenomena, tropospheric propagation, fading and path loss calculations.
UNIT VIII
WAVE PROPAGATION – II:
Sky wave propagation- Introduction, structure of Ionosphere, refraction and reflection of sky waves by Ionosphere, Ray path, Critical frequency, MUF, LUF, OF, Virtual height and Skip distance, Relation between MUF and Skip distance, Multi-HOP propagation, Energy loss in Ionosphere, Summary of Wave Characteristics in different frequency ranges.
TEXT EBOOKS:
Antennas and wave propagation – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka and Ahmad S.Khan, TMH, New Delhi, 4th Ed., (special Indian Edition), 2010
Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd ed., 2000.
REFERENCES:EBOOK
Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd ed., 2001. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio, vol. 5, Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th edition, 1955. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill (International Edition), 2nd ed., 1988.
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